THE ANIMAL FILES

Whale shark

Rhincodon typus

A giant mouth filters small meals.

Whale sharks gather plankton and small animals using filter pads rather than biting large prey apart. They can feed while swimming or draw water in by suction. Pale spot patterns also help distinguish individuals within the species.[1]

Follow the evidence ↓
Whale shark
Image: User:Zac Wolf (original), en:User:Stefan (cropping) · Commons · CC BY-SA 2.5
The filtering apparatus
Filter pads separate food from water.[1]
Two ways to move water
Swimming and active suction both enable feeding.[1]
A patterned shark
Pale spots and stripes vary among individuals.[1][2]

The filtering apparatus

Water enters the broad front-facing mouth and leaves through the gills after food separation. Rows of tiny teeth are present, but they do not do the main work of filter feeding. A large mouth therefore does not imply large individual prey.[1]

Two ways to move water

Ram feeding pushes water into an open mouth as the shark moves. Suction feeding draws in water by mouth movements, allowing feeding in a more stationary position. Concentrated plankton, small fish or spawning clouds offer different opportunities for the same apparatus.[1]

A patterned shark

The dark upper body carries pale spots and stripes above a light belly. Those patterns can distinguish individuals. Despite its name and immense size, the NCBI lineage identifies a cartilaginous shark rather than a mammalian whale.[1][2]

A COMMON MIX-UP

Does the word whale mean it is a mammal?

No. It is a shark in the cartilaginous-fish lineage.[2]

TRY A LITTLE REASONING

Why can the shark keep feeding without always swimming forward?

Reveal the explanation

Active suction draws water and food into the mouth through mouth movements.[1]

Sources & editorial notes

Adapted and translated from the cited Wikipedia revisions, with source-linked reasoning. Image credit and licence are listed separately above.

Adapted and translated from Wikipedia contributors; exact revisions are linked below. CC BY-SA 4.0

  1. Wikipedia contributors — Whale shark (cited revision)
  2. NCBI Taxonomy — Rhincodon typus

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