THE ANIMAL FILES

Dog heartworm

Dirofilaria immitis

One life cycle needs two very different hosts.

Dog heartworm is a threadlike parasitic roundworm whose development links mosquitoes with mammal hosts.[1]

Follow the evidence ↓
Dog heartworm
Image: Joelmills at English Wikipedia · Commons · CC BY-SA 3.0
A mosquito stage
Larvae develop inside a mosquito[1]
A changing location
Adults occupy pulmonary vessels[1]
A return route
Microfilariae circulate in blood[1]

A mosquito stage

A mosquito is more than a vehicle carrying this worm from place to place. Larval development occurs within it before an infective stage can pass onward. The lifecycle therefore depends on the right sequence of hosts, not simply on an adult worm moving directly between neighbouring dogs.[1]

A changing location

The common name emphasizes the heart, but adult worms also occur in the pulmonary arterial system. Development includes migration through tissues before adults reach these vessels.[1]

A return route

Mature females produce young called microfilariae that can circulate in the host’s blood. A feeding mosquito can take up these stages, connecting one part of the cycle to the next. Temperature affects development inside the mosquito.[1]

A COMMON MIX-UP

Does the name mean adults occur only inside the heart?

No. Adults can reside in the pulmonary arterial system as well as the heart.[1]

TRY A LITTLE REASONING

Why is the mosquito an intermediate host rather than merely transport?

Reveal the explanation

The larvae develop within the mosquito. Calling it transport alone would omit a necessary developmental stage in the described lifecycle.[1]

Sources & editorial notes

Adapted and translated from the cited Wikipedia revisions, with source-linked reasoning. Image credit and licence are listed separately above.

Adapted and translated from Wikipedia contributors; exact revisions are linked below. CC BY-SA 4.0

  1. Wikipedia contributors — Dog heartworm (cited revision)
  2. NCBI Taxonomy — Dirofilaria immitis

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